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A new method of stimulating the renewal of living stem cells in tooth pulp using an Alzheimer's drug has been discovered by a team of researchers at King's College London.
Following trauma or an infection, the inner, soft pulp of a tooth can become exposed and infected. In order to protect the tooth from infection, a thin band of dentine is naturally produced and this seals the tooth pulp, but it is insufficient to effectively repair large cavities. Currently dentists use human-made cements or fillings, such as calcium and silicon-based products, to treat these larger cavities and fill holes in teeth. This cement remains in the tooth and fails to disintegrate, meaning that the normal mineral level of the tooth is never completely restored. However, in a paper published in Scientific Reports, scientists from the Dental Institute at King's College London have proven a way to stimulate the stem cells contained in the pulp of the tooth and generate new dentine -- the mineralised material that protects the tooth -- in large cavities, potentially reducing the need for fillings or cements. Read Article: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170109092624.htm An interesting video about a Bend Oregon dental clinic.
A new study in the Journal of Dental Research suggests that dental problems commonly associated with cleft lip and palate may be caused by abnormalities in salivary glands and an imbalance of immune compounds in the mouth.
Dr. Timothy Cox, a craniofacial researcher at Seattle Children's Research Institute and lead author, found that mice with a gene mutation that causes cleft lip and palate had problems in their salivary glands that affected gum tissue and oral health. "We found that the cleft lip and palate gene mutation also resulted in abnormal salivary glands," Cox said. "The result was a mouth environment that was too acidic and contained excess bacteria, which led to problems in the gums and more rapid tooth decay." In healthy people, salivary glands excrete saliva that contains protective immune compounds and balances the acidity in the mouth. The researchers found that a common cleft lip and palate gene mutation resulted in abnormal development of salivary gland ducts such that they could not properly pump the buffering liquid and protective immune compounds into the mouth. "No one has systematically looked at salivary glands in cleft lip and patients because it is not part of the typical clinical assessment of these patients," Cox said. "We know saliva contains protective immune compounds that combat tooth decay, and researchers have also observed that some children with cleft lip or palate have different salivary composition. This is a breakthrough because doctors and dentists could use this research to develop improved strategies for managing oral health in young cleft lip and palate patients." In the study, the researchers offered mice with the cleft lip and palate mutation and mice without the mutation a high sugar diet. After just 8 weeks on this diet, the mice with the cleft lip and palate mutation had almost no molar teeth left, while the mice without the mutation had only mild decay. The researchers focused on the gene IRF6, the gene most commonly associated with cleft lip or palate. Many other genes have been linked to cleft lip or palate, and the researchers hope to understand if these additional genes are also associated with enhanced tooth decay. "Doctors who treat children with cleft lip or palate have observed for a long time that tooth decay is a problem, and one that can affect their quality of life," said Dr. Michael Cunningham, medical director of the Craniofacial Center at Seattle Children's Hospital. "It can also be a financial burden on families because many kids require extensive dental care, and eventually orthodontic care." According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cleft lip and palate is one of the most common birth defects in the United States. Each year, 2,650 babies are born with a cleft palate and 4,440 babies are born with a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate. The next steps in the research include studying salivary composition in cleft lip or palate patients, as well as additional genes associated with cleft lip or palate to determine if they contribute to abnormal development of the salivary glands. "We hope that as the research progresses, doctors and dentists can apply the findings in caring for cleft lip or palate patients and protect their teeth starting in early childhood and into adulthood," Cox said. Read Article: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161208094053.htm Agrillo works at the University of Padua in Italy. There, he studies how animals process information. He is finishing up several years of pitting humans against fish in trials. Those trials test their abilities to compare quantities. He can’t, of course, tell his angelfish to choose, say, the larger array of dots. He can’t tell them to do anything. So in recent tests he made his bemused students use trial and error too, just like the fish.
“At the end, they start laughing when they find they are compared with fish,” he says. Yet the fish versus human face-offs are eye-opening comparisons. And they are done as part of his search for the deep evolutionary roots of human mathematics. If fish and people eventually turn out to share some bits of their number sense (like spidey sense, except focused on quantities rather than danger), those elements might turn out to be older than 400 million years. At some point, that long ago, ancestors of angelfish and humans split apart to form different branches of the tree of life. Read Article: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/animals-can-do-almost-math The Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule Dec. 19, banning the use of most powdered medical gloves.
The rule, which goes into effect Jan. 18, applies to patient examination gloves, powdered surgeon's gloves and absorbable powder for lubricating a surgeon's glove. "While use of these gloves is decreasing, they pose an unreasonable and substantial risk of illness or injury to health care providers, patients and other individuals who are exposed to them, which cannot be corrected through new or updated labeling," the agency said in a March news release. In its summary of the rule, the FDA also noted that the ban "does not apply to powder used in the manufacturing process" of nonpowdered gloves, "where that powder is not intended to be part of the final finished glove" and said "finished nonpowdered gloves are expected to include no more than trace amounts of residual powder from these processes, and the agency encourages manufacturers to ensure finished nonpowdered gloves have as little powder as possible." The ADA Science Institute monitors and posts links to alerts and recalls of oral care products. Read Article: http://www.ada.org/en/publications/ada-news/2016-archive/december/fda-bans-most-powdered-gloves Biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different surfaces. Microorganisms that form biofilms include bacteria, fungi and protists.
One common example of a biofilm dental plaque, a slimy buildup of bacteria that forms on the surfaces of teeth. Pond scum is another example. Biofilms have been found growing on minerals and metals. They have been found underwater, underground and above the ground. They can grow on plant tissues and animal tissues, and on implanted medical devices such as catheters and pacemakers. Each of these distinct surfaces has a common defining feature: they are wet. These environments are "periodically or continuously suffused with water," according to a 2007 article published in Microbe Magazine. Biofilms thrive upon moist or wet surfaces. Read Article: http://www.livescience.com/57295-biofilms.html Scuba divers may want to stop by their dentist's office before taking their next plunge. A new pilot study found that 41 percent of divers experienced dental symptoms in the water, according to new research from the University at Buffalo.
Due to the constant jaw clenching and fluctuations in the atmospheric pressure underwater, divers may experience symptoms that range from tooth, jaw and gum pain to loosened crowns and broken dental fillings. Recreational divers should consider consulting with their dentist before diving if they recently received dental care, says Vinisha Ranna, BDS, lead author and a student in the UB School of Dental Medicine. "Divers are required to meet a standard of medical fitness before certification, but there are no dental health prerequisites," says Ranna, who is also a certified stress and rescue scuba diver. Read Article: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-12-scuba-diver-dentist.html Watch an interesting tour of a dental office.
"Receding gums are also known as gingival recession. The pink gum tissue normally covers the root of the tooth. This can become exposed when the gum is pushed back or if the tooth is in an abnormal position.
Receding gums are common and often unnoticed at an early stage. There are many risk factors, but age is a main one - 88 percent of people older than 65 have receding gums in at least one tooth. The main concern with receding gums is that when the roots of the teeth become exposed, they are at risk for decay, infection, and loss. Treatment can stop or reverse the process of gum recession if begun at an early stage. If the recession is severe and the patient has symptoms such as tooth sensitivity, pain, or infection, a variety of treatment options are available. These include deep cleaning, medicine to fight infections, and even tissue grafts." Read Entire Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312992.php In a study published in the journal Oncotarget, researchers found that the chemicals present in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor were equally as damaging - in some cases, more damaging - to mouth cells as tobacco smoke.
Such damage can lead to an array of oral health problems, including gum disease, tooth loss, and mouth cancer. E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices containing a heating device and a cartridge that holds a liquid solution. The heating device vaporizes the liquid - usually when the user "puffs" on the device - and the resulting vapor is inhaled. While e-cigarette liquids do not contain tobacco - a highly harmful component of conventional cigarettes - they do contain nicotine and other chemicals, including flavoring agents. Read Entire Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314190.php?tw Bits of wood recovered from a 1.2-million-year-old tooth found at an excavation site in northern Spain indicate that the ancient relatives of man may have use a kind of toothpick. Toothbrushes were not around yet, if the amount of hardened tartar build-up is anything to go by. An analysis of the tartar has now yielded the oldest known information about what our human ancestors ate and the quality of their diet. According to study leader Karen Hardy of the Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) and the Universtat Autònoma de Barcelona, what they ate was consumed raw, and shows that 1.2 million years ago hominins did not yet know how to use fire to prepare food. The findings are published in Springer's journal The Science of Nature.
The teeth investigated by Hardy's team come from one of the two oldest hominin remains yet to be found in Europe. The piece of jawbone found in 2007 at the Sima del Elefante excavation site in Spain's Atapeurca Mountains is between 1.1 million and 1.2 million years old. Sima del Elefante is part of several archaeological and palaeontological sites that together represent a history that is between 300,000 years and 1.2 million years old. Dental calculus or tartar, a form of hardened plaque, was found on all but one of the teeth examined. A minute sample of tartar from one of the teeth was removed using an ultrasonic scalar, and then analyzed to recover the microfossils trapped in it. These included several types of fibres, including tiny pieces of non-edible wood, plants and animal tissue. A scale from a butterfly's wing and a fragment of an insect leg was also detected. Read Article: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/s-dhc121516.php Dec. 15, 2016 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Last week, three EU institutions (the European Parliament, the European Commission and the Council of the European Union) reached a provisional agreement to ban dental amalgam fillings for children under 15 and pregnant and breastfeeding women as of July 1, 2018. These actions in Europe are being supported by the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT), a non-profit group that encourages worldwide efforts to end dental mercury.
"Mercury is toxic, and its use in all silver-colored dental fillings has been linked to environmental harm, as well as increased risks of Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, infertility, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and many other adverse health conditions. Viable alternatives to these fillings have existed for decades. It's crucial for all of the world to follow Europe's lead and take action to restrict dental mercury, and even more efficiently, to end its use entirely," explained Dr. Tammy DeGregorio, IAOMT President. Dental amalgam mercury is still used on approximately 45% of dental patients worldwide, including in the USA, and hundreds of millions of people have these mercury-containing fillings in their mouths. Many patients are unaware that their silver fillings are made of 50% mercury, and patients are also often shocked to learn that this mercury can harm the environment, as well as potentially create health risks for dental patients and their fetuses and breast-fed children. Read Article: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/international-group-supports-global-efforts-to-end-dental-mercury-usage-300376657.html |
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